Four treatments were included: 1) CON в€’ control diet without experimental factors 2) VVI в€’ control diet with 4.5 g of VVI/kg of DM 3) FSM в€’ control diet with 30 g of fish and soybean oils blend/kg of DM 4) MIX в€’ control diet with 4.5 g of VVI/kg of DM and 30 g of oils blend/kg of DM. Firstly, in vitro experiment was performed using a semicontinuous culture system (RUSITEC). Two experimental factors (extract from Vaccinium vitis idaea (VVI) and blend of fish-soybean oils) were investigated in three consecutive experiments to monitor their effects on rumen fermentation and fatty acid (FA) proportions in the rumen fluid and milk.

Kбєїt quбєЈ cho thбєҐy NT5 lГ khбє©u phбє§n phГ№ hб»Јp cho viб»‡c cбєЈi thiб»‡n tб»· lб»‡ tiГЄu hГіa, VFA dбєЎ cб»Џ vГ giбєЈm sinh khГ CH4 б»џ dГЄ trong Д‘iб»Ѓu kiб»‡n in vitro. ThГ nghiб»‡m Д‘Ж°б»Јc thiбєїt kбєї theo mГґ hГ¬nh hoГ n toГ n ngбє«u nhiГЄn gб»“m 5 nghiб»‡m thб»©c (NT) vГ 4 lбє§n lбє·p lбєЎi. ThГ nghiб»‡m Д‘Ж°б»Јc tiбєїn hГ nh nhбє±m Д‘ГЎnh giГЎ бєЈnh hЖ°б»џng cб»§a viб»‡c sб» dб»Ґng lГЎ mГt (LM) vГ trГЎi mГt non phб»Ґ phбє©m (TM) thay thбєї cho cб»Џ voi (CV) Д‘бєїn tб»· lб»‡ tiГЄu hoГЎ, lГЄn men dбєЎ cб»Џ vГ sinh khГ methane (CH4) in vitro sб» dб»Ґng dб»‹ch dбєЎ cб»Џ tб»« 4 con dГЄ Д‘б»±c lai Saanen F2 (в™‚ Saanen Г— в™Ђ BГЎch ThбєЈo). Conclusion, SFT0.4 is an ideal diet to reduce CH4 emission, improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility in dairy cows. Generally, SFT0 remarkably reduced CH4 production, but it caused negative effects on ruminal NH3-N, VFA and IVTD at 24h incubation meanwhile, a reverse trend was observed in SFT0.4. In relative to Ctrl, SFT0, ST0.8 and SFT0.4 caused respective decrease of CH4 production by 23.97, 26.70 and 22.00% after 48h incubation (P<0.01). Cumulative gas production after 48h incubation shown the highest value in Ctrl versus that in ST0.8 (P<0.05).

Results shown that SFT0.4 had higher NH3-N, VFA and IVTD compared to those in SFT0 at 24h after incubation (P<0.01). Grape seed extract was a commercial product contained 95% condensed tannin in the form of proanthocyanidins (PA). A basal diet (BD) including concentrate and elephant grass at 40:60 was used as a control meanwhile, other 6 diets were substitution of BD by 2.5% oil (either only soybean oil or a blend of soybean oil and tuna fish oil ) combined without or with grape seed extract (a great source of condensed tannin ) at 0, 0.4 and 0.8% DM, corresponding to Ctrl, ST0, SFT0, ST0.4, ST0.8, SFT0.4 and SFT0.8, respectively.

The in vitro study was a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replicates per each treatment. The cows were then collected rumen fluid before morning feeding to conduct in vitro incubation. FourДonor heifer Holstein Friesian cows were fed a diet including concentrate and elephant grass (40:60, DM basis) for a 7-day duration. This study aimed to evaluate effects of feeding oils and condensed tannin on in vitro trueДigestibility (IVTD), ruminal fermentation and methane (CH4) emission in dairy cattle.

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